The Difference Between Management and Leadership
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– The manager maintains; the leader develops.
– The manager focuses on systems and structure; the leader focuses on people.
– The manager relies on control; the leader inspires trust.
– The manager has a short-range view; the leader has a long-range perspective.
– The manager asks how and when; the leader asks what and why.
– The manager has his or her eye always on the bottom line; the leader’s eye is on the horizon.
– The manager imitates; the leader originates.
– The manager accepts the status quo; the leader challenges it.
– The manager is the classic good soldier; the leader is his or her own person.
– The manager does things right; the leader does the right thing.
Perhaps there was a time when the calling of the manager and that of
the leader could be separated. A foreman in an industrial-era factory
probably didn’t have to give much thought to what he was producing or to
the people who were producing it. His or her job was to follow orders,
organize the work, assign the right people to the necessary tasks,
coordinate the results, and ensure the job got done as ordered. The
focus was on efficiency.
But in the new economy, where value comes increasingly from the
knowledge of people, and where workers are no longer undifferentiated
cogs in an industrial machine, management and leadership are not easily
separated. People look to their managers, not just to assign them a
task, but to define for them a purpose. And managers must organize
workers, not just to maximize efficiency, but to nurture skills, develop
talent and inspire results.
The late management guru Peter Drucker was one of the first to
recognize this truth, as he was to recognize so many other management
truths. He identified the emergence of the “knowledge worker,” and the
profound differences that would cause in the way business was organized.
With the rise of the knowledge worker, “one does not ‘manage’
people,” Mr. Drucker wrote. “The task is to lead people. And the goal is
to make productive the specific strengths and knowledge of every
individual.”